Background and Aim: FATIGUE is one of the most common problem of multiple sclerosis. It is a sign of inefficiency in the physical, social, and cognitive function. It is a major factor in limiting the responsibilities of social work of patients. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the FATIGUE Impact Scale (FIS) in Iranian and create an appropriate tool for measuring the impact of FATIGUE and effectiveness of treatment and also rehabilitation interventions on FATIGUE in Iranian patients.Materials and Methods: In order to use the FIS in Iranian patients, the forward and backward translation and assessing the patient's perspective was done and the Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared.Results: The questionnaire was completed by twenty patients with multiple sclerosis. The time duration of filling out of each questionnaire took ten to twenty minutes .The final corrections was carried out. All questions of patients was acceptable and understandable and questions of "sexual activity" was completed only by married patients. The question of "financial support" was completed only by employed person (working people). Finally, as much as possible, this questionnaire was adapted with Iranian culture and sentences were confirmed by MAPI Institute.Conclusion: Persian version of the FIS is an appropriate tool for measuring the impact of FATIGUE, effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation interventions on FATIGUE in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background and objectives: A cancer diagnosis is a highly undesirable event for anyone. FATIGUE experience is a psychological experience; therefore, the relevant caregivers’ acquaintance with this issue is the most important step in offering optimal care for the patients. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine Cancer-related FATIGUE and its Relationship with Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in Cancer Patients.Methods: In this analytical study, 150 cancer patients visiting the oncology unit, the Shafa Radiotherapy Center, and Gorgan’s 5th Azar Teaching Hospital in 2012, who were selected with a purposive sampling method, participated in the study for 4 months. The required information was collected using a demographic and clinical characteristics form and the Multidimensional FATIGUE Inventory. The data were analyzed with the SPSS-18 software and t-test and ANOVA and tukey post hoc test were used.Results: The patients’ mean age was 48.39±1.5 Of the patients, 55.3% had undergone less than 12 months of treatment, 51.3% used chemotherapy-surgery-radiotherapy regimen, 24.7% surgery-chemotherapy regimen, 14% used chemotherapy, 7.3% used radiotherapy, and 2.7% used surgery. The overall mean score of FATIGUE was 54.65±8.78 from 100. The variables of residence (P=0.018), the duration of marriage (P=0.018), the treatment regimen type (P<0.001), and the family’s economic status (P<0.000) were found to have a significant relationship with FATIGUE.Conclusion: Psychological interventions, besides physical caring and nursing interventions play a significant role in the all-inclusive management of cancer patients’ problems, in particular, their FATIGUE.

Background and Aim: The present study aimed at determination of the FATIGUE resistance and failure mode of cuspreplacing onlays in endodontically treated premolars using indirect composite resin restorations. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 84 human premolars were randomly divided into 7 groups of 12. These groups were prepared as follows: Intact teeth used in groupl as control, the second group covers the endodontically treated teeth, restored with indirect onlays using Z-250 composite resin, the next two groups (i.e. 3,4) were similar to the second group, but subjected to 1 and 2 million FATIGUE load cycles, respectively. Groups 5, 6, 7 were similar to groups 2, 3, 4, respectively, however, in these groups Tetric Ceram used as the restorative material. All specimens were loaded using a Universal Testing Machine until fracture occurred and the mode of failure observed with naked eye. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests were used to analyze the data (a=.05). Results: All specimens withstood the masticating simulation. The mean fracture strength for groups 1 to 7 were: 1276.92, 1269.05, 1217.80, 1188.13, 1228.97, 1127.86, 1105.58, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in fracture strength and failure mode. There was no statistically significant difference between two types of resin composite (P=0.203) and load cycles (P=0.298) after zero, 4 and 8 years aging. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, restored premolars with indirect composite onlays show FATIGUE resistance equal to natural tooth up to 8 years after restoration. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found between 4 and 8 years of load cycles. Tetric Ceram Z-250 restoration agent showed no effect on the tooth fracture resistance with the most observed fractures to be occur under CEJ with no capability to be restored.